TIV-A-X: Terrestrial Intervention and Exploration
The TIV-A-X (terrestrial intervention vehicle – autonomous – range undefined) is a highly mobile rover, using a triple bogie suspension and rubber tweels. It comes with powerful sensors, has an impressive payload and can be equipped with an optional manipulator arm. TIV-A-X rover is equipped with high internal processing power (Quadcore i7) and a reliable wireless communication (802.11ac).
By using a triple-bogie suspension and powerful drive motors and rubber tweels for each of the six wheels the system is highly mobile and can overcome slopes up to 40°.
Rich sensor suite
In addition the system contains a Hokuyo to create a dense point cloud of the front area of the system, four cameras for the visual exploration of the environment and a Velodyne laser scanner. This Velodyne has a measurement distance of up to 80m and is used to create a detailed map of the surrounding of the rover.
The rover is capable of creating accurate maps of its environment and to estimate its pose precisely by using a Graph SLAM which has been optimized for the high-performance Velodyne HDL-32E laser scanner.
The Hokuyo laser scanner which has been mounted beside the manipulator arm is used to scan the front area of the rover and to gather dense point clouds for object detection.
The Logitech cameras which are placed on the central sensor tower and in the front chassis are used to:
• support the operator with a 360° view of the environment
• execute a color- and gradient-based object detection
• support manipulation tasks
Manipulator arm
The equipped manipulator arm has six degree of freedom and has been designed to manipulate objects with a weight of up to one kilogram. The motors are brushless DC motors with harmonic drives, which result in a high stiffness of the arm. The links are made of carbon fiber to in order to optimize the total mass of the arm. The arm can reach both in front of the robot, as well as structures on the robot itself. In this way objects can be placed on the body of the rover. The gripper element has two degrees of freedom, and allows both flat and rounded grip types.
Software
The software of the rover includes all the drivers for the sensors and actuators. This allows a custom configuration of the robots behavior. The base system is also equipped with higher level modules for navigation and manipulation.
For navigation, the system includes a control stack, which controls the wheel angles and rotational speeds, to produce directional movement of the system. Further, a path planning module allows the system to find a valid path through a map, and control the execution of that path. Maps can also be generated on board using the SLAM (Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping) module. This module integrates different sensor readings and creates a 3D map of the surrounding, which can also be used for path planning. An exploration module combines the navigation capabilities, and allows the exploration and mapping of unknown terrain.
The software for manipulation allows the system to deploy the arm from the stowage position, and calculate the trajectory for moving the arm into a position for object manipulation. The execution of such a trajectory is also monitored. The gripper module uses the current readings of the motors to detect if an object has been successfully handled.